Potential Outcomes

For each unit $i$, the potential outcomes framework defines

$$Y_i(1) \quad \text{and} \quad Y_i(0),$$

the outcomes that would be observed under treatment and control respectively.

Only one of these can be observed for each unit, depending on the treatment assignment. This framework is the basis of STA305 causal inference.

---

Related

• STA305
• Counterfactual Outcome
• Assignment Mechanism
• Fundamental Problem of Causal Inference